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Black Tom explosion
The Black Tom explosion on July 30, 1916, in Jersey City, New Jersey, was an act of sabotage by German agents to destroy American-made munitions that were to be supplied to the Allies in World War I.
== Black Tom Island ==
The term "Black Tom" originally referred to an island in New York Harbor next to Liberty Island. The island received its name either from an early African American resident, or because it resembled a black cat with its back arched. By 1880, a causeway and railroad had been built to connect it with the mainland to use as a shipping depot. Between 1905 and 1916, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, which owned the island and causeway, expanded the island with landfill, and the entire area was annexed by Jersey City. A mile-long pier on the island housed a depot and warehouses for the National Dock and Storage Company.
Black Tom was a major munitions depot for the northeastern United States. Until early 1915, American munitions companies could sell to any buyer. After the Blockade of Germany by the Royal Navy, however, only the Allied powers could purchase from them. As a result, Imperial Germany sent secret agents to the United States to obstruct the production and delivery of war munitions that were intended to be used by its enemies.
On the night of the attack, about two million pounds (1 kiloton) of small arms and artillery ammunition were stored at the depot in freight cars and on barges, including 100,000 pounds of TNT on the ''Johnson Barge No. 17''. All was waiting to be shipped to Britain and France. Jersey City's Commissioner of Public Safety, Frank Hague, later said he had been told the barge was "tied up at Black Tom to avoid a twenty-five dollar towing charge."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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